TECHNICAL PAPERS
Sänger, E., A Rocket Drive for Long Range Bombers: (Über Einen Raketenantrieb Für Fernbomber): R. Cornog, Reprint, R. Cornog, Santa Barbara, California, 1952.
Jenkins, D. R., X-15: extending the frontiers of flight: NASA, NASA SP-2007-562: NASA History Division, Washington, DC, 2007.
Sziroczak, D., and Smith, H., “A review of design issues specific to hypersonic flight vehicles,” Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 84, 2016, pp. 1-28.
10.1016/j.paerosci.2016.04.001George, C., X-37 Demonstrator to test future launch technologies in orbit and reentry environments, NASA, Washington, DC, 2003.
Yonhap News Agency, “Jeong Kyeong-doo Publicly Announces Development of Hypersonic Missiles... and Stealth Drones,” Yonhap News Agency, https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200805105200504 (accessed Aug. 5, 2020).
Asia Today “South Korea Successfully Test-Fires Hyunmoo-4 Ballistic Missile with 2-Ton Warhead,” Asia Today, https://news.nate.com/view/20200803n04785?mid=n0000 (accessed Aug. 3, 2020).
YTN, “South Korea Succeeds in SLBM Underwater Launch... Becomes 8th SLBM-Developing Nation,” YTN, https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0101_202107040232460251 (accessed Jul. 4, 2021).
Chosun Ilbo, “South Korean Military Developing Supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile to Counter Aircraft Carriers,” Chosun Ilbo, https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/17/2011081700192.html?hotnews_txt (accessed Aug. 17, 2011).
Donga Ilbo, “Korean Hypersonic Weapon ‘Invincible Spear’ Ready for Mach 5 Flight,” Donga Ilbo, https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20211226/110952608/9 (accessed Dec. 26, 2021).
BizHankook, “[Exclusive] Mach 6 Hypersonic Vehicle ‘Hycore’ Test Launch Successful,” BizHankook, https://www.bizhankook.com/bk/article/30267 (accessed Sep. 4, 2025).
KSME, “Candidate Technology Data,” KSME, https://ksme.or.kr/tech2025/data/%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%B4_9.pdf?2 (accessed Jan. 30, 2026).
Peters, A. B., Zhang, D., Chen, S., Ott, C., Oses, C., Curtarolo, S., McCue, I., Pollock, T. M., and Eswarappa Prameela, S., “Materials design for hypersonics,” Nat Commun, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2024, p. 3328.
10.1038/s41467-024-46753-338637517PMC11026513Hank, J., Murphy, J., and Mutzman, R., “The X-51A Scramjet Engine Flight Demonstration Program,” 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Dayton, Ohio, USA, AIAA 2008-2540, Apr 2008.
10.2514/6.2008-2540Moon, Y. J., “Hypersonic Aerospace Vehicle,” Journal of the KSME, Vol. 32, No. 9, 1992, pp. 788-796.
Woo, S. H., Jeon, I. S., and Choi, J. Y., “International Activities of the Developments of Hypersonic Air-breathing Engines - Part Ⅰ; Scramjet Concept and Development History,” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 9, 2006, pp. 104-112.
10.5139/JKSAS.2006.34.9.104Song, K. D., Choi, S. H., and Scotti, S. J., “Transpiration Cooling Experiment for Scramjet Engine Combustion Chamber by High Heat Fluxes,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2006, pp. 96-102.
10.2514/1.11300Kim, Y., and Seo, S., “Development of C/SiC composite parts for rocket propulsion,” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2019, pp. 68-77.
10.6108/KSPE.2019.23.2.068Lee, T. H., “Review of the Research and Development of Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials and Future Works,” Composites Research, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2014, pp. 123-129.
10.7234/composres.2014.27.4.123Byeungjun, L., Dongho, R., and Yongmin, J., “Trend of Material and Manufacturing Technologies for High Efficiency of Gas Turbine Engine,” The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, 2018, pp. 699-703.
CZ Graphite, “Carbon-Carbon Composites,” CZ Graphite, https://www.czgraphite.com/carbon-carbon-composites.html (accessed Jan. 30, 2026).
Craig W, O., Wallace L, V., Philip O, R., and Hwa-Tsu, T., “Thermal Conductivity Database of Various Structural Carbon-Carbon,” NASA TM-110305, 1997.
Korea Aerospace Research Institute, “Development of TPS heat resistant materials for the re-entry of space plane,” TRKO202000005410, 2020.
Yun, N. G., Kim, Y. C., Chung, S. K., and Jung, B., “The Effect of Pressurization Points During Cure of Carbon / Phenolic Composites,” Polymer Korea, Vol. 19, No. 4, 1995, pp. 430-438.
Zok, F. W., “Ceramic‐matrix composites enable revolutionary gains in turbine engine efficiency,” Am Ceram Soc Bull, Vol. 95, No. 5, 2016, p. 22.
AJ, A. J., Panigrahi, S., Sasikumar, P., Rao, K. S., and Krishnakumar, G., “Ablative properties, thermal stability, and compressive behaviour of hybrid silica phenolic ablative composites,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 203, 2022, p. 110063.
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110063Pulci, G., Tirillò, J., Marra, F., Fossati, F., Bartuli, C., and Valente, T., “Carbon–phenolic ablative materials for re-entry space vehicles: Manufacturing and properties,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 41, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1483-1490.
10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.06.010Hwang, K.-Y., and Park, J. K., “Characteristics and Development Trends of Heat-Resistant Composites for Flight Propulsion System,” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 9, 2019, pp. 629-641.
10.5139/JKSAS.2019.47.9.629United Performance Metals, “Nickel Alloys,” United Performance Metals, https://www.upmet.com/products/nickel (accessed Jan. 30, 2026).
Hong, H.-U., Bae, S.-H., Kwon, S.-I., Lee, J.-H., Do, J.-H., Choi, B.-G., Kim, I.-S., and Jo, C.-Y., “A Study on Microstructures and Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welds between Cast and Forged Inconel 718 Superalloys for Liquid Rocket Combustion Head,” Journal of the Korean Welding and Joining Society, Vol. 31, No. 6, 2013, pp. 50-57.
10.5781/KWJS.2013.31.6.50La Sorsa, A., Sprunger, J., Smith, S. D., Alunno, E., Kotler, A. R., and Ahmed, K. A., “Thermal Analysis of Inconel-718 in Hypersonic Leading Edge Configurations,” AIAA Scitech 2025 Forum, Orlando, FL, AIAA 2025-0626, Jan 2025.
10.2514/6.2025-1327Kim, Y. J., “Effect of aging time on creep strength of Haynes 282 superalloy,” Journal of Power System Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 11, 2017, pp. 735-741.
JCOE Pipe, “What is Haynes Material,” JCOE Pipe, https://hr.jcoepipe.com/info/what-is-haynes-material-81183212.html (accessed Jan. 30, 2026).
Abdulrahman, A. M., Siddique, A. M. S. U., and Barnawi, R., Mechanical Properties and Performance of Titanium-Based Alloys Used in Aerospace Applications, Titanium-Based Alloys-Characteristics and Applications, IntechOpen, London, UK, 2024.
Leyens, C., and Peters, M., Titanium and titanium alloys: fundamentals and applications, Wiley Online Library, 2006.
Peters, M., Kumpfert, J., Ward, C. H., and Leyens, C., “Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications,” Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2003, pp. 419-427.
10.1002/adem.200310095Refractory Metal, “Types of Tungsten Alloys and Their Uses in Aerospace,” Refractory Metal, https://www.refractorymetal.org/types-of-tungsten-alloys-and-their-uses-in-the-aerospace.html (accessed Jan. 30, 2026).
Demeneghi, G., Williams, B., Katsarelis, C., Tilson, W., and Gradl, P., “Additively manufactured GRCop-42 copper-alloy combustion chamber failure analysis: The role of build interruptions,” Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 177, 2025.
10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109710Gradl, P. R., Protz, C. S., Cooper, K., Ellis, D., Evans, L. J., and Garcia, C., “GRCop-42 development and hot-fire testing using additive manufacturing powder bed fusion for channel-cooled combustion chambers,” AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, Indianapolis, USA, AIAA 2019-4228, Aug 2019.
10.2514/6.2019-4228Gradl, P. R., Protz, C. S., Ellis, D. L., Greene, S. E., Protz, C., Ellis, D., and Greene, S., “Progress in Additively Manufactured Copper-Alloy GRCop-84,” Proc. 70th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Washington, D.C., IAC-19-C1.1.4, Oct 2019.
Glass, D., “Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) thermal protection systems (TPS) and hot structures for hypersonic vehicles,” 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Dayton, OH, AIAA Paper 2008-2682, Apr 2008.
10.2514/6.2008-2682Woo, S. H., Jeon, I. S., and Choi, J. Y., “International Activities of the Developments of Hypersonic Air-breathing Engines - Part Ⅱ: Worldwide Scramjet Development Program,” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 10, 2006, pp. 99-110.
10.5139/JKSAS.2006.34.10.099Ohlhorst, C. W., Glass, D. E., Bruce III, W. E., Lindell, M. C., Vaughn, W. L., Dirling Jr, R., Hogenson, P., Nichols, J., Risner, N., and Thompson, D., “Development of X-43A mach 10 leading edges,” 56th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Fukuoka, Japan, IAC-05-D2.5.01, Oct 2005.
10.2514/6.IAC-05-D2.5.06Weihs, H., “Sounding rockets for entry research: SHEFEX flight test program,” Proceedings of the 21st ESA Symposium on Rocket and Balloon Programmes, ESA Communications, 2013, pp. 143-152.
Uhrig, G., and Larrieu, J. M., “Towards An All-Composite SCRAMJET Combustor,” 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Indianapolis, IN, USA, AIAA 2002-3883, Jul 2002.
10.2514/6.2002-3883Bouquet, C., Fischer, R., Lue-Bouhali, A., Dessomes, O., Thebault, J., and Soyris, P., “Fully Ceramic Composite Exchanger Qualification for Advanced Combustor Chambers,” AIAA Paper, Vol. 3433, 2005, p. 2005.
10.2514/6.2005-3433Beyer, S., Schmidt-Wimmer, S., Quering, K., Wilhelmi, C., and Steinhilber, M., “Technology status of fuel cooled ceramic matrix composites for dual-mode ramjet (DMR) and liquid rocket engine (LRE) applications,” 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Tours, France, AIAA 2012-5877, Sep 2012.
10.2514/6.2012-5877Schmidt, S., Beyer, S., Knabe, H., Immich, H., Meistring, R., and Gessler, A., “Advanced ceramic matrix composite materials for current and future propulsion technology applications,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 55, No. 3-9, 2004, pp. 409-420.
10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.052Seyoung, K., Soohyun, K., Insub, H., Younghoon, S., Hyungjoon, B., and Sangkuk, W., “Development of CMC (Ceramic Matrix Composites) regenerative scramjet combustor,” The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, 2018, pp. 121-124.
Besser, H. L., “Components of the Throttleable Ducted Rocket (TDR) with Boron Propellant,” BCT_Seminar_ADD_1.2.2, Bayern-Chemie Gmbh, pp. 1-56, Nov 2009,
Kim, H.-S., Yang, W.-S., and Choi, J.-Y., “Sub-orbital hypersonic flight test programs using sounding rockets and small launch vehicles,” Journal of The Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2015, pp. 243-256.
10.5139/JKSAS.2015.43.3.243Glass, D. E., Capriotti, D., Reimer, T., Kütemeyer, M., and Smart, M., “Testing of DLR C/C-SiC and C/C for HIFiRE 8 Scramjet Combustor,” 19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, AIAA 2014-3112, Jun 2014.
10.2514/6.2014-3089Hernandez-McCloskey, J., Teasley, T. W., Petty, D. M., Reutlinger, S. A., and Pineda, D. I., “Calorimeter Heat Flux Trends in NASA’s Subscale Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine,” AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum, Orlando, FL, USA, AIAA 2025-1979, Jan 2025.
10.2514/6.2025-1979Hall, W. B., “Standardization of the carbon-phenolic materials and processes. Vol. 1: Experimental studies,” NAGS-545, 1988.
Andro, J.-Y., Scigliano, R., Kallenbach, A., and Steelant, J., “Thermal management of the Hexafly-Int Hypersonic glider,” Proc. 1st International Conference on High-Speed Vehicle Science and Technology (HiSST), Moscow, Russia, HiSST-2018-052, Nov 2018.
Poteet, C. C., Abu-Khajeel, H., and Hsu, S.-Y., “Preliminary Thermal-Mechanical Sizing of a Metallic Thermal Protection System,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2004, pp. 173-182.
10.2514/1.9174Fischer, W. P., Mueller, M., and Reinkober, H., “ULTIMATE: Metallic thermal Protection system for future RLV's: Design and thermo-mechanical analyses,” SAE Transactions, 2003, pp. 163-170.
10.4271/2003-01-2469Dorsey, J. T., Poteet, C. C., Wurster, K. E., and Chen, R. R., “Metallic thermal protection system requirements, environments, and integrated concepts,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2004, pp. 162-172.
10.2514/1.9173Cook, S., “X-33 Reusable launch vehicle structural technologies,” 7th International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Norfolk, VA, USA, AIAA 1996-4563, Nov 1996.
10.2514/6.1996-4563Cain, T., and Walton, C., “The sustained hypersonic flight experiment,” 12th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Norfolk, VA, USA, AIAA 2003-7030, Dec 2003.
10.2514/6.2003-7030Noh, J.-H., Choi, J.-Y., Byun, J.-R., Gil, H.-Y., Yoon, H.-G., and Lim, J.-S., “DARPA's Hypersonic Vehicle and TBCC Engine Programs,” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2010, pp. 65-78.
Glass, D., Dirling, R., Croop, H., Fry, T., and Frank, G., “Materials development for hypersonic flight vehicles,” 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Canberra, Australia, AIAA 2006-8122, Nov 2006.
10.2514/6.2006-8122Goodman, J. S., and Ireland, P. T., “Thermal Modeling for the Sustained Hypersonic Flight Experiment,” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2007, pp. 780-789.
10.2514/1.29317Dadd, G., Owen, R., Hodges, J., and Atkinson, K., “Sustained Hypersonic Flight Experiment (SHyFE),” 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Canberra, Australia, AIAA 2006-7967, Nov 2006.
10.2514/6.2006-7926Steelant, J., Villace, V., Kallenbach, A., Wagner, A., Andro, J.-Y., Di Benedetto, S., Saracoglu, B., Chernyshev, S., Gubanoc, A., and Talyzin, V., “Flight testing designs in HEXAFLY-INT for high-speed transportation,” Proc. 1st International Conference on High-Speed Vehicle Science and Technology (HiSST), Moscow, Russia, HiSST-2018-043, Nov 2018.
- Publisher :The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
- Publisher(Ko) :한국추진공학회
- Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
- Journal Title(Ko) :한국추진공학회지
- Volume : 30
- No :1
- Pages :80-93
- Received Date : 2025-08-11
- Revised Date : 2025-12-31
- Accepted Date : 2026-01-07
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2026.30.1.080


Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers








